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 "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans

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Masculin Nombre de messages : 3782
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Date d'inscription : 09/01/2005

"Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans Empty
MessageSujet: "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans   "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans EmptyJeu 6 Avr - 17:53

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/06/science/06cnd-judas.html?hp&ex=1144382400&en=d58e9f87384d906d&ei=5094&partner=homepage

Ooooo!!!! J'aime beaucoup!

Juste à cause que c'est une nouvelle très récente et les nouvelles récentes sont impossible (ou diffcile) à trouver en français... je vais citer l'article ici.

Citation :
'Gospel of Judas' Surfaces After 1,700 Years
By JOHN NOBLE WILFORD and LAURIE GOODSTEIN
Published: April 6, 2006


An early Christian manuscript, including the only known text of what is known as the Gospel of Judas, has surfaced after 1,700 years. The text gives new insights into the relationship of Jesus and the disciple who betrayed him, scholars reported today. In this version, Jesus asked Judas, as a close friend, to sell him out to the authorities, telling Judas he will "exceed" the other disciples by doing so.

Though some theologians have hypothesized this, scholars who have studied the new-found text said, this is the first time an ancient document defends the idea.

The discovery in the desert of Egypt of the leather-bound papyrus manuscript, and now its translation, was announced by the National Geographic Society at a news conference in Washington. The 26-page Judas text is said to be a copy in Coptic, made around A. D. 300, of the original Gospel of Judas, written in Greek the century before.

Terry Garcia, an executive vice president of the geographic society, said the manuscript, or codex, is considered by scholars and scientists to be the most significant ancient, nonbiblical text to be found in the past 60 years.

"The codex has been authenticated as a genuine work of ancient Christian apocryphal literature," Mr. Garcia said, citing extensive tests of radiocarbon dating, ink analysis and multispectral imaging and studies of the script and linguistic style. The ink, for example, was consistent with ink of that era, and there was no evidence of multiple rewriting.

"This is absolutely typical of ancient Coptic manuscripts," said Stephen Emmel, professor of Coptic studies at the University of Munster in Germany. "I am completely convinced."

The most revealing passages in the Judas manuscript begins, "The secret account of the revelation that Jesus spoke in conversation with Judas Iscariot during a week, three days before he celebrated Passover."

The account goes on to relate that Jesus refers to the other disciples, telling Judas "you will exceed all of them. For you will sacrifice the man that clothes me." By that, scholars familiar with Gnostic thinking said, Jesus meant that by helping him get rid of his physical flesh, Judas will act to liberate the true spiritual self or divine being within Jesus.

Unlike the accounts in the New Testament Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, the anonymous author of the Gospel of Judas believed that Judas Iscariot alone among the 12 disciples understood the meaning of Jesus' teachings and acceded to his will. In the diversity of early Christian thought, a group known as Gnostics believed in a secret knowledge of how people could escape the prisons of their material bodies and return to the spiritual realm from which they came.

Elaine Pagels, a professor of religion at Princeton who specializes in studies of the Gnostics, said in a statement, "These discoveries are exploding the myth of a monolithic religion, and demonstrating how diverse — and fascinating — the early Christian movement really was."

The Gospel of Judas is only one of many texts discovered in the last 65 years, including the gospels of Thomas, Mary Magdalene and Philip, believed to be written by Gnostics.

The Gnostics' beliefs were often viewed by bishops and early church leaders as unorthodox, and they were frequently denounced as heretics. The discoveries of Gnostic texts have shaken up Biblical scholarship by revealing the diversity of beliefs and practices among early followers of Jesus.

As the findings have trickled down to churches and universities, they have produced a new generation of Christians who now regard the Bible not as the literal word of God, but as a product of historical and political forces that determined which texts should be included in the canon, and which edited out.

For that reason, the discoveries have proved deeply troubling for many believers. The Gospel of Judas portrays Judas Iscariot not as a betrayer of Jesus, but as his most favored disciple and willing collaborator.

Scholars say that they have long been on the lookout for the Gospel of Judas because of a reference to what was probably an early version of it in a text called Against Heresies, written by Irenaeus, the bishop of Lyons, about the year 180.

Irenaeus was a hunter of heretics, and no friend of the Gnostics. He wrote, "They produce a fictitious history of this kind, which they style the Gospel of Judas."

Karen L. King, a professor of the history of early Christianity at Harvard Divinity School, and an expert in Gnosticism who has not yet read the manuscript released today, said that the Gospel of Judas may well reflect the kinds of debates that arose in the second and third century among Christians.

"You can see how early Christians could say, if Jesus's death was all part of God's plan, then Judas's betrayal was part of God's plan," said Ms. King, the author of several books on Gnostic texts. "So what does that make Judas? Is he the betrayer, or the facilitator of salvation, the guy who makes the crucifixion possible?"

At least one scholar said the new manuscript does not contain anything dramatic that would change or undermine traditional understanding of the Bible. James M. Robinson, a retired professor of Coptic studies at Claremont Graduate University, was the general editor of the English edition of the Nag Hammadi library, a collection of Gnostic documents discovered in Egypt in 1945.

"Correctly understood, there's nothing undermining about the Gospel of Judas," Mr. Robinson said in a telephone interview. He said that the New Testament gospels of John and Mark both contain passages that suggest that Jesus not only picked Judas to betray him, but actually encouraged Judas to hand him over to those he knew would crucify him.

Mr. Robinson's book, "The Secrets of Judas: The Story of the Misunderstood Disciple and his Lost Gospel" (Harper San Francisco, April 2006), predicts the contents of the Gospel of Judas based on his knowledge of Gnostic and Coptic texts, even though he was not part of the team of researchers working on the document.

The Egyptian copy of the gospel was written on 13 sheets of papyrus, both front and back, and found in a multitude of brittle fragments.

Rudolphe Kasser, a Swiss scholar of Coptic studies, directed the team that reconstructed and translated the script. The effort, organized by the National Geographic, was supported by Maecenas Foundation for Ancient Art, in Basel, Switzerland, and the Waitt Institute for Historical Discovery, an American nonprofit organization for the application of technology in historical and scientific projects.

The entire 66-page codex also contains a text titled James (also known as First Apocalypse of James), a letter by Peter and a text of what scholars are provisionally calling Book of Allogenes.

Discovered in the 1970's in a cavern near El Minya, Egypt, the document circulated for years among antiquities dealers in Egypt, then Europe and finally in the United States. It moldered in a safe-deposit box at a bank in Hicksville, N. Y., for 16 years before being bought in 2000 by a Zurich dealer, Frieda Nussberger-Tchacos. The manuscript was given the name Codex Tchacos.

When attempts to resell the codex failed, Ms. Nussberger-Tchacos turned it over to the Maecenas Foundation for conservation and translation.

Mr. Robinson said that an Egyptian antiquities dealer offered to sell him the document in 1983 for $3 million, but that he could not raise the money. He criticized the scholars now associated with the project, some of whom are his former students, because he said they violated an agreement made years ago by Coptic scholars that new discoveries should be made accessible to all qualified scholars.

The manuscript will ultimately be returned to Egypt, where it was discovered, and housed in the Coptic Museum in Cairo.

Ted Waitt, the founder and former chief executive of Gateway, said that his foundation, the Waitt Institute for Historical Discovery, gave the National Geographic Society a grant of more than $1 million to restore and preserve the manuscript and make it available to the public.

" I didn't know a whole lot until I got into this about the early days of Christianity. It was just extremely fascinating to me," Mr. Waitt said in a telephone interview. He said he had no motivation other than being fascinated by the finding. He said that after the document was carbon dated and the ink tested, procedures his foundation paid for, he had no question about its authenticity. "You can potentially question the translation and the interpretation, he said, but you can't fake something like this. It would be impossible."
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Nombre de messages : 337
Localisation : Ontario
Intérêts généraux : etudiant
Date d'inscription : 21/06/2005

"Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans Empty
MessageSujet: Re: "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans   "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans EmptyJeu 6 Avr - 22:14

Tres interessant! Merci Christian!

Faut dire, il doit rester plusieurs textes anciens de ce style...malheureusement plusieurs ont ete detruits au fil des ans et certains sont tout simplement disparus.
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Christian
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Masculin Nombre de messages : 3782
Age : 38
Localisation : Sudbury, Ontario
Date d'inscription : 09/01/2005

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MessageSujet: Re: "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans   "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans EmptyVen 7 Avr - 16:37

Voici un lien vers un article en français: http://www.radiofrance.fr/chaines/france-info/depeches/detail.php?depeche_id=060406183458.o0709uv7&sec=clt
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Nombre de messages : 337
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MessageSujet: Re: "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans   "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans EmptyVen 7 Avr - 17:28

Oh oui, je voulais ajouter....il ne faut pas tout prendre les textes religieux pour du cash evidemment...le meme s'applique a la Bible... L'Evangile de Judas peut etre l'oeuvre d'un membre d'une secte relgieuse des premieres heures du christiannisme cherchant a discredite le mouvement...ou elle peut effectivement etre de real deal....
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MessageSujet: Re: "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans   "Gospel of Judas" fait surface après 1700 ans EmptySam 8 Avr - 0:09

Evidemment, ca fait de longues entrees...mais je croyais bon de mettre ces interpretations de l'Evangile de Judas...

CBC.ca a écrit:


Dating of the Gospel of Judas is religiously crucial
17:20:59 EDT Apr 7, 2006
RICHARD N. OSTLING



(AP) - The tale of how the Gospel of Judas was rediscovered is worthy of a hard-boiled detective novel, but there's an even more tantalizing religious mystery - whether the newly released document tells us anything authentic about either Jesus or Judas.

Instead of Judas as the sinister betrayer, the Egyptian Coptic text issued Thursday portrays Judas as Jesus' confidant, chosen to be told spiritual secrets that the other apostles were not. Jesus also asks Judas to hand him over to his enemies, a possible elaboration on a New Testament phrase in which Jesus tells Judas: "What you are going to do, do quickly" (John 13:27).

But should modern-day Christians take anything in the Gospel of Judas to be historically true?

Scholars will debate that for years to come, and the age of the text will be a crucial point in their arguments.

There seems little doubt that the document published by National Geographic is, indeed, ancient - despite a murky recent history.

Found by a farmer in a remote Egyptian burial cave in the 1970s, the text was sold to an antiques dealer who at one point left it disintegrating in a Long Island safe-deposit box for 16 years. After changing hands a couple of times, it finally ended up with a Swiss foundation, according to The Lost Gospel by journalist Herbert Krosney, which was released with the document.

Judging from radiocarbon testing, the papyrus text appears to date from about AD 300, or perhaps a bit later based on analysis of the handwriting style.

The scholarly team that studied the text for National Geographic - including Rodolphe Kasser of Switzerland's University of Geneva, Marvin Meyer of America's Chapman University and Gregor Wurst of Germany's University of Augsburg - believe the document is a copy of a text first mentioned as heretical by Bishop Irenaeus in AD 180.

But even if this is actually Irenaeus's Judas, a point that will spark further debate, the material would still have been written many decades after composition of the four New Testament Gospels that the early church accepted as authentic. Scholars' consensus dates: around AD 70 for Mark, 90 to 100 for John, Matthew and Luke in between.

The way these debates typically develop, the later the document was written, the less likely it has any reliable connection to the people who knew Jesus or were among his early followers. Without that, the document isn't important for learning about Jesus' actual history but only for documenting a particular sect's beliefs in the second century and beyond.

Another nagging question: since the New Testament says Judas killed himself shortly after betraying Jesus, how would anyone have known about the secret revelations this manuscript claims Jesus gave Judas only days before Good Friday.

On that point, New Testament scholar Bruce Chilton of Bard College thinks the Gospel of Judas wasn't meant as biography in the first place. The heavily mystical content shows the text "never set out to provide historical information and to pretend it does is a distortion," Chilton says.

One consultant on the Judas project, Elaine Pagels of Princeton University, popularized such Egyptian texts from outside the New Testament in The Gnostic Gospels (Gnostic refers to groups that generally shunned the material world and taught salvation through supposed secret knowledge from Jesus).

To her, the importance of texts like the Gospel of Judas is that they are "exploding the myth of a monolithic religion" and showing how diverse early Christianity was. Conservative scholars say we've always known about the diversity but the Christian consensus on the Jesus portrayed in the New Testament Gospels was early, strong and widespread.
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